September 08, 2025
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6m
Bitter. Cruel. Subversive. Not quite the words commonly used to describe the works of Jane Austen. And that’s fine, because the books work on so many levels, says Lucy Worsley, Austen biographer and writer of the foreword to Folio’s extraordinary new limited edition of Austen’s complete works. ‘Everyone uses the word “sparkling”, and yes, her work is sparkling. But there is a darker undercurrent. The jokes are there because if her characters weren’t laughing, they would be crying. It’s these different readings that help make her works such great art.’
Austen, she points out, has something of a cosy, safe reputation, applied to her both by her own family and by Victorian readers. ‘They didn’t realise what a subversive argument the books are really making. I feel that they savagely indict a world in which money rules everything. Women have to make their life choices based on financial security. That’s not cosy: I think it’s dark and troubling. But you don’t have to take that away from it if you don’t want to. If you want to read it as comedy, that’s also fine.’ Folio Editor James Rose agrees. ‘That’s one of the delightful dichotomies of Austen: the unfairness of society, class and social mobility along with the joy, the wit, the humanity.’
Those depths aren’t hard to find beneath the shimmering veneer of social comedy. ‘For example, you can diss Jane Austen because she doesn’t talk about world events such as the Napoleonic Wars,’ says Lucy. ‘But she does – just in a female domestic way. In Pride and Prejudice, when the silly sisters go off into the town and they come back with all the gossip, including the fact that one of the soldiers was flogged – that’s violence.’
Mansfield Park can be read as a coded critique of slavery, says Lucy: Fanny, the least powerful person in the community, is the one who finds the bravery to ask her uncle, Sir Thomas Bertram, about the slave trade. Whatever her question is – it is never revealed – we know that it was met by ‘such a dead silence! And while my cousins were sitting by without speaking a word, or seeming at all interested in the subject...’ Our hope is that the artwork not only aligns with the story but also enhances it. Folio books present a special opportunity for readers to encounter their favourite stories in an entirely new, beautiful and immersive form. This alchemy works best when we find an artist with an aligned style, as well as a deep passion and energy for the project.’
Then there are the happy endings: are they really that happy? Look closer: aren’t those actual marriage proposals dealt with in a rather dismissive way? We don’t hear Emma Woodhouse accepting Mr Knightley’s proposal, and the wedding is given a few perfunctory lines: ‘The wedding was very much like other weddings, where the parties have no taste for finery or parade.’
‘Perhaps Austen treated these events lightly, almost mechanically, because she didn’t really believe that a man, on his own, could bring a happy ending,’ says Lucy. ‘Charlotte Lucas in Pride and Prejudice is perfectly open about the fact that she’s marrying not a man, but a lifestyle, securing for herself an establishment of her own. And in the very final paragraph of Mansfield Park, the object of Fanny’s affections is not a person so much as a property. ‘Though I actually do think Emma’s ending may be happy. I know some people find Mr Knightley a creepy old mansplainer. But I like him.’
Look at Austen’s own life, too, and you’ll see those undercurrents of rebellion. In December 1802, she was offered marriage to a man with a mansion and a fortune: the ultimate goal in life for a woman of her social status. She turned him down. Lucy likes to think it’s because Austen had just sold her first novel, Northanger Abbey, for £10. Her writing was no gentle hobby for a spinster. ‘I write only for fame,’ she wrote to her sister.
‘She’s a very private person, which makes her a very elusive subject,’ says Lucy. ‘She never said she was a feminist: that would have been an alien concept to her. But if you read her actions, she seems to place writing above more conventional life satisfactions, like marriage, family, home and security – though it’s important to remember that as a member of the pseudo-gentry, she did have advantages. She wasn’t staking everything on this one roll of the dice. But she was staking something very significant, I think.’
It’s those multiple layers, coupled with the timeless nature of her themes – family dynamics, love, social mobility, treachery, betrayal – that keep us reading and rereading, adapting and readapting for stage and screen. (Even Austen completists might have missed 2011’s From Prada to Nada, a Latino spin on Sense and Sensibility set in East LA, or 2016’s Pride and Prejudice and Zombies, which does exactly what it says on the tin.)
And it’s what’s at the heart of Folio’s spectacular new limited edition of Austen’s work, which merges traditional craft with a contemporary feel. Key to this look and feel was artist and engraver Sarah Young, whose illustrations pepper the text. With frames inspired by the shape of neoclassical ceiling designs, the images revel in the characters (and their foibles), illuminating each scene. ‘Sarah has created woodcuts for each frontispiece in full colour,’ says Production Director Kate Grimwade, ‘and I love the way the art is integrated on the text paper and scattered throughout the books.’
The bindings are perhaps the edition’s crowning glory. Young created six different cover designs in six different colourways, one for each book, which were then woven in silk by Stephen Walters, a weaving company founded in 1720. These different silks are carefully chosen to represent the character of each work: Sense and Sensibility, for example, is delicate and demure and uses understated colours to represent Elinor’s practical and unpretentious nature, while Mansfield Park’s cover echoes the darker exploits of Sir Thomas Bertram.
Complementing these cover designs are monograms commissioned from Ruth Rowland. On the pages themselves, gilded edging on the Munken Pure paper – which allows the illustrations to be seen in all their glory – brings another little extra touch of glamour. As Kate says: ‘I think it’s quietly beautiful, without being OTT!’
‘She keeps appealing to new audiences,’ says James. ‘You can keep having different iterations of Austen, of the Austen characters, whether that’s a direct filming of the story or an adaptation. Everyone finds something to relate to, and everyone finds something different to relate to. Every generation finds a new path.
‘She’s very possibly the greatest female writer in the English language, which is why we felt we had to do something spectacular on her 250th birthday. It’s her understanding of human nature: her ability to capture the struggles, the absurdities, the silliness and the joys of life that we keep coming back to. And – yes – that sparkling wit, too.