Relativity
Albert Einstein was a German mathematician and physicist who developed the special and general theories of relativity. In 1921, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. In the following decade, he immigrated to the United States after being targeted by the German Nazi Party. His work also had a major impact on the development of atomic energy. In his later years, Einstein focused on unified field theory. He died in April 1955 at age 76. With his passion for inquiry, Einstein is generally considered the most influential physicist of the 20th century.
Roger Penrose is one of the world’s most prominent theoretical physicists who in 1965 produced the mathematics that showed how stars collapse to form black holes. With Stephen Hawking, he showed that if Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity is correct, then there would be a singularity, a point of infinite density and space-time curvature, where time has a beginning. Penrose shared the Wolf Prize for physics with Stephen Hawking for this work on the Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems. Penrose is also known as the founding father of quantum gravity through his work on twistor theory, a key tool in quantum theory. He is an emeritus professor of mathematics at the University of Oxford, and the author of several books about the nature of space, time and reality. Among his numerous awards are: the Royal Medal, the Copley Medal, the Dirac Medal. the Albert Einstein Medal and the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics.